Were the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 really failures as many historians have concluded? This was the main question in our discussion on the revolutions throughout Europe in 1830 & 1848. They were all sparked by the French Revolution, and as Klemens von Metternich once said, "When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold" These revolutions are referred to as Decembrist, 1830 France, 1848 France, Frankfurt, and Hungary. The class broke into groups and we each analyzed the revolution that was given to us. After reading several primary sources and then creating a survey from the information, one group gave all the others a sheet with the information on it while they answered the survey. After all the groups had presented, we ranked each revolution on a scale from total failure to total success.
My group was given the revolution of 1848 France. The main events were during the months of February and June, when most of the action took place. The people were united against Louis Philippe's corrupt rule, and they desired to instate a French Republic. During the first fighting in February, thousands of citizens who had lost their jobs rose up in the streets and demanded a republic. There was not lots of conflict, however, as Alphonse de Lamartine described, "The people
were not numerous in the streets; they seemed to allow the invisible spirit of revolution to fight for them" (History of the Revolution of 1848 in France) Louis Philippe eventually stepped down from the throne, and the Second Republic was established. It was run mostly by the liberal, upper class of France. They also took away many jobs, and thus the working class revolted. There were many barricades built and lots of fighting this time, as said by Victor Hugo in Les Miserables, "Of what was the barricade made? Of the ruins of three six-story houses, torn down for the purpose, said some." However, this time the government crushed the revolt, and killed 1,500 people, and the Constitution for the Second Republic was written. The plan was for a legislature and a president, and Louis Napoleon was elected, as well as giving 9 million people the right to vote. In time, Louis Napoleon would get 90% of France to vote him as Empower, declaring himself Napoleon III. This led back to a monarchy, which was what the revolution was trying to get away from. Therefore, the revolution was technically a failure, but not completely.
Our survey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/VZLZM27
Contradictory to what many historians say, the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 were not all complete failures. For example, in 1830 France, they instated a new king that they wanted and suffrage was extended, albeit many people could still not vote. Also, in 1848 France, they essentially ended up back where they started, with a king even though they didn't want one. In Hungary, the rebels demanded an independent government and an end to serfdom. Many other areas of the Austrian Empire made similar demands as well. Originally, these demands were met, however Austrian forces soon defeated the rebels and took away their gains. None of these revolutions were successes, but they were neither the total failures that historians make them out to be.
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